[111], According to FAOSTAT, Uruguay is one of the world's largest producers of soybeans (9th), wool (12th), horse meat (14th), beeswax (14th), and quinces (17th). [25] Besides stressing the importance of upholding spiritual over materialistic values, it also stresses resisting cultural dominance by Europe and the United States. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. [164] Uruguay won gold at the 1924 Paris Olympic Games[165] and again in 1928 in Amsterdam. Punta del Este is situated on a small peninsula off the southeast coast of Uruguay. [99] Some newspapers are owned by, or linked to, the main political parties. [152], Uruguay ranks high on standardised tests such as PISA at a regional level, but compares unfavourably to the OECD average, and is also below some countries with similar levels of income. [162] Consequently, Montevideo's newspapers, which account for all of Uruguay's principal daily newspapers, greatly expanded their circulations. [52], In 2010, Uruguay's export-oriented agricultural sector contributed to 9.3% of the GDP and employed 13% of the workforce. Religious organization Send message Hi! [32] Uruguay's early 19th-century history was shaped by ongoing fights for dominance in the Platine region,[32] between British, Spanish, Portuguese and other colonial forces. [33] The assembly refused to seat the delegates from the Banda Oriental, however, and Buenos Aires pursued a system based on unitary centralism. A general strike was called in 1992, and the privatization policy was widely rejected by referendum (71.6% against the privatization of telecommunications). Montevideo, the country's capital, houses the most diverse selection of cultural activities. Punta del Este adjoins the city of Maldonado, while to its northeast along the coast are found the smaller resorts of La Barra and Jos Ignacio. [66] These storms can be strong; they can bring squalls, hail, and sometimes even tornadoes. [16] It ranks high on global measures of personal rights, tolerance, and inclusion issues,[17] including its acceptance of the LGBT community. Montevideo was occupied by a British force from February to September 1807. Even though both temperature and precipitation are quite uniform nationwide, there are considerable differences across the territory. [24], Since May 2009, homosexuals have been allowed to serve in the military after the defense minister signed a decree stating that military recruitment policy would no longer discriminate on the basis of sexual orientation. The people of this country are known to be warm, welcoming, and friendly. [170] In 2010, the Uruguayan government enacted measures intended to retain players in the country. Seasonal variations are pronounced, but extremes in temperature are rare. [145], After independence, anti-clerical ideas spread to Uruguay, particularly from France, further eroding the influence of the church. [167] Uruguay performed very creditably in the 2010 FIFA World Cup, having reached the semi-final for the first time in 40 years. [122] Most of the country's domestic freight and passenger service is by road rather than rail. [66] According to the Kppen Climate Classification, most of the country has a humid subtropical climate (Cfa). WebThe economy of Uruguay features an export-oriented agricultural sector and a well-educated workforce, along with high levels of social spending. [38], The constitutional government of General Lorenzo Batlle y Grau (186872) suppressed the Revolution of the Lances by the Blancos. At the same time centre-right National Partys Luis Lacalle Pou was sworn as the new President of Uruguay.[79]. In response to the annexation, the Thirty-Three Orientals, led by Juan Antonio Lavalleja, declared independence on 25 August 1825 supported by the United Provinces of the Ro de la Plata (present-day Argentina). [43] The following year, the Blancos led a rural revolt and eight bloody months of fighting ensued before their leader, Aparicio Saravia, was killed in battle. [25] Bsqueda is Uruguay's most important weekly news magazine and serves as an important forum for political and economic analysis. The First Presidency of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints has called 164 new mission presidents and companions; most will begin service in July. [25], Uruguay's best-known contemporary writer is Eduardo Galeano, author of Las venas abiertas de Amrica Latina (1971; "Open Veins of Latin America") and the trilogy Memoria del fuego (198287; "Memory of Fire"). Social spending was reduced and many state-owned companies were privatized. [37], The first railway line was assembled in Uruguay in 1867 with the opening of a branch consisting of a horse-drawn train. [25] Earlier settlers had migrated from Argentina. [50], A new constitution, drafted by the military, was rejected in a November 1980 referendum. [121] However, rail passenger commuter service into Montevideo was restarted in 1993, and now comprises three suburban lines. [39] After two years of struggle, a peace agreement was signed in 1872 that gave the Blancos a share in the emoluments and functions of government, through control of four of the departments of Uruguay. Between 1875 and 1890, the military became the center of power. Montevideo is the southernmost capital city in the Americas, and the third most southerly in the world (only Canberra and Wellington are further south). Lessa, F. and Druliolle, V. And the most typical sweet is Alfajor, which is a small cake, filled with Dulce de leche and covered with chocolate or meringue, it comes in various types, fillings, sizes and brands. [32] As of February 2010, Uruguay had 1,136 military personnel deployed to Haiti in support of MINUSTAH and 1,360 deployed in support of MONUC in the Congo. One of the main natural attractions in Uruguay is Punta del Este. [43] Batlle had two terms (190307 and 191115) during which, taking advantage of the nation's stability and growing economic prosperity, he instituted major reforms, such as a welfare program, government participation in many facets of the economy, and a plural executive. [61] In 2020, he was succeeded by Luis Alberto Lacalle Pou, member of the conservative National Party, after 15 years of left-wing rule, as the 42nd President of Uruguay. [66] The absence of mountains, which act as weather barriers, makes all locations vulnerable to high winds and rapid changes in weather as fronts or storms sweep across the country. Mission President. [134], From 1963 to 1985, an estimated 320,000 Uruguayans emigrated. The country has several international bus services[123] connecting the capital and frontier localities to neighboring countries. The 1999 national elections were held under a new electoral system established by a 1996 constitutional amendment. [24] Since bilateral relations with Argentina are considered a priority, Uruguay denies clearance to British naval vessels bound for the Falkland Islands, and prevents them from calling in at Uruguayan territories and ports for supplies and fuel. The Montevideo Gas Company and the Pluma airline were turned over to the private sector, but the pace of privatization slowed down in 1996. Nine straddle cranes allow for 80 to 100 movements per hour. [157] Nevertheless, a Carlos Gardel museum was established in 1999 in Valle Edn, near Tacuaremb.[158]. Blancos were given of seats in Congress. [153] In 2009, the government planned to invest 4.5% of GDP in education. [86][87] In November 2010, Uruguay and Argentina announced they had reached a final agreement for joint environmental monitoring of the pulp mill.[88]. The official racial term on the Uruguayan census is "amarilla" or "yellow" in English, which refers to people of East Asian descent. [24] Until 1947, about 90% of the railroad system was British-owned. This page was last edited on 17 January 2023, at 17:27. [53], President Mujica backed Venezuela's bid to join Mercosur. [25], The Reporters Without Borders worldwide press freedom index has ranked Uruguay as 19th of 180 reported countries in 2019. In September 2019, the previous left-wing government of Uruguay had withdrawn from TIAR as a response to the very critical view of Venezuela the other members of the regional defense agreement had. WebUruguay and the Argentine provinces of Entre Ros and Corrientes, against the province of Buenos Aires; the third and by far the most important, in 186470, in alliance with Argentina and Uruguay, against Paraguay had their roots in the rivalry between Portugal and Spain during the 17th and 18th centuries. Please let us know how we can help. [152], Uruguay is part of the One Laptop per Child project, and in 2009 became the first country in the world to provide a laptop for every primary school student,[154] as part of the Plan Ceibal. [24] However, these border disputes have not prevented both countries from having friendly diplomatic relations and strong economic ties. [131], Uruguayans are of predominantly European origin, with over 87.7% of the population claiming European descent in the 2011 census. Montevideo, which was used as a supply station by the Brazilian navy, experienced a period of prosperity and relative calm during the war. Both summer and winter weather may vary from day to day with the passing of storm fronts, where a hot northerly wind may occasionally be followed by a cold wind (pampero) from the Argentine Pampas.[25]. [73], Argentina and Brazil are Uruguay's most important trading partners: Argentina accounted for 20% of total imports in 2009. [44] In general, the Terra government weakened or neutralized economic nationalism and social reform. However, it is officially translated either as the "Oriental Republic of Uruguay"[24][25] or the "Eastern Republic of Uruguay". [73] The Executive Power is exercised by the president and a cabinet of 13 ministers. [121] However, in 1985 the "National Transport Plan" suggested passenger trains were too costly to repair and maintain. He and his wife, Annette, have six children. As commodity prices soared and the economy recovered from the recession, he tripled foreign investment, cut poverty and unemployment, cut public debt from 79% of GDP to 60%, and kept inflation steady. It is a word in Guarani that was spoken by the natives of the area. Jos Enrique Rod (18711917), a modernist, is considered Uruguay's most significant literary figure. An armed group, known as the Tupamaros emerged in the 1960s, engaging in activities such as bank robbery, kidnapping and assassination, in addition to attempting an overthrow of the government. National extreme temperatures at sea level are, 44C (111F) in Paysand city (20 January 1943) and Florida city (January 14, 2022),[71] and 11.0C (12.2F) in Melo city (14 June 1967). Uruguay: A Country Study, 1990, Rex A. Hudson and Sandra W. Meditz, En el pas de las conquistas sindicales, Christophe Ventura, octubre de 2015, British army attempted to seize Buenos Aires and Montevideo, treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons, Inter-American Treaty of Reciprocal Assistance, International Military Education and Training, United Nations Military Observer Group in India and Pakistan, Administracin de Ferrocarriles del Estado, "The Tale of Two Civil Societies: Comparing disability rights movements in Nicaragua and Uruguay", "Encuesta Continua de Hogares (ECH) - Instituto Nacional de Estadstica", "World Economic Outlook Database, October 2022", "Hace 13.000 aos cazadores-recolectores exploraron y colonizaron planicie del ro Cuareim", "Presentan tesis del nombre Uruguay Diario EL PAIS Montevideo Uruguay", "Uruguay, el pas de los pjaros pintados despierta la pasin por mirar", "Las estructuras tumulares (cerritos) del litoral atlantico uruguayo", "Uruguay and the memory of the Charra tribe ThePrisma.co.uk", "THE STRUGGLE FOR INDEPENDENCE, 181130 Uruguay", "BEGINNINGS OF INDEPENDENT LIFE, 183052 Uruguay", "THE STRUGGLE FOR SURVIVAL, 185275 Uruguay", "Caudillos and Political Stability Uruguay", "Evolution of the Economy and Society Uruguay", "THE CONSERVATIVE ADJUSTMENT, 193143 Uruguay", "Baldomir and the End of Dictatorship Uruguay", "Uruguay: Political and Economic Conditions and U.S. Relations", "Uruguay's Left Makes History by Winning Presidential Vote", "Uruguay elects Jos Mujica as president, polls show", "Same-sex marriage bill comes into force in Uruguay", "Tabare Vazquez wins Uruguay's run-off election", "Uruguay's new center-right president sworn in", "An Ecoregion-Based Approach to Protecting Half the Terrestrial Realm", "Anthropogenic modification of forests means only 40% of remaining forests have high ecosystem integrity Supplementary Material", "Tornado kills 4, injures hundreds in Uruguay", "Ola de calor: Florida registr un rcord histrico de temperatura", RECORDS METEOROLOGICOS EN EL URUGUAY Boletn Meteorolgico Mensual Direccin Nacional de Meteorologa, "Uruguay's Constitution of 1966, Reinstated in 1985, with Amendments through 2004", "Uruguay ushers in first conservative government in 15 years", "The Economist Intelligence Unit's Index of Democracy 2012", "Censos 2011 Instituto Nacional de Estadistica", "Uruguay marks distance from Argentina: UK does not come to plunder resources", "Mujica praises Argentina/Uruguay common past; calls for an end to 'ports' war', ''Clarn'': Hay 115 casos de dermatitis en un balneario ubicado frente a Botnia, "Uruguay and Argentina implement "scientific" accord for joint monitoring", Brazil and Uruguay step closer to integration, "Chavez and Mujica Meet and Sign Numerous Bilateral Agreements", "Chapter XXVI: Disarmament No. However, the economy did not improve and deteriorated after 1980, the GDP fell by 20% and unemployment rose to 17%. [69] The heaviest precipitation occurs during the autumn months, although more frequent rainy spells occur in winter. Other Uruguayan famous songwriters are Jaime Roos, Eduardo Mateo, Rubn Rada, Pablo Sciuto, Daniel Viglietti, among others. Its capital and largest city is Montevideo. [155], Uruguayan culture is strongly European and its influences from southern Europe are particularly important. Uruguay (officially Oriental Republic of Uruguay) is a country in South America. Originally they were Vaudois, who become Waldensians, giving their name to the city Colonia Valdense, which translated from the Spanish means "Waldensian Colony". The Spanish founded Montevideo as a military stronghold in the early 18th century because of the competing claims over the region. Since its independence, the country has been known as "Repblica Oriental del Uruguay", which literally translates to "Republic East of the Uruguay [River]". limita al noreste con brasil estado de ro grande del sur , al oeste y suroeste con argentina provincias de corrientes, entre ros y buenos aires, y la ciudad autnoma de buenos aires (separada por Located in the southern part of the country, on the northeastern shore of the Rio de la Plata estuary is, Montevideo - the capital, the largest and the most populous city of Uruguay. WebEddie Bharucha held several positions in India and received the Dhanvantari Award for his outstanding contributions to medical sciences (1991). The system is government owned, and there have been controversial proposals to partially privatize since the 1990s.[126]. [68] The country experiences extratropical cyclones but no tropical cyclones, due to the fact that the South Atlantic Ocean is rarely warm enough for their development. [23], In Spanish colonial times, and for some time thereafter, Uruguay and some neighboring territories were called Banda Oriental [del Uruguay] ("Eastern Bank [of the Uruguay River]"), then for a few years the "Eastern Province". [32] The indigenous peoples' fierce resistance to conquest, combined with the absence of gold and silver, limited European settlement in the region during the 16th and 17th centuries. [89] Uruguay has two uncontested boundary disputes with Brazil, over Isla Brasilera and the 235km2 (91sqmi) Invernada River region near Masoller. The siege of Montevideo, which began in February 1843, would last nine years. [100], Between the years 2007 and 2009, Uruguay was the only country in the Americas that did not technically experience a recession (two consecutive downward quarters). [32] This led to the 500-day-long Cisplatine War. The growth, use, and sale of cannabis was legalized on 11 December 2013,[110] making Uruguay the first country in the world to fully legalize marijuana. On the economic front, the Batlle government (20002005) began negotiations with the United States to create the "Free Trade Area of the Americas" (FTAA). Although Santana has open borders with Rivera, it's a different jurisdiction. [4], Education in Uruguay is secular, free,[152] and compulsory for 14 years, starting at the age of 4. More than 97%[127] of Uruguay's electricity comes from renewable energy. Uruguay hosted the official Basketball World Cup for the 1967 FIBA World Championship and the official Americas Basketball Championship in 1988, 1997 and is a host of the 2017 FIBA AmeriCup. [85] The ensuing dispute remained a subject of controversy into 2010, particularly after ongoing reports of increased water contamination in the area were later proven to be from sewage discharge from the town of Gualeguaych in Argentina. [25] The psychological stories of Juan Carlos Onetti (such as "No Man's Land" and "The Shipyard") have earned widespread critical praise, as have the writings of Mario Benedetti. [114], The Port of Montevideo, handling over 1.1million containers annually, is the most advanced container terminal in South America. general assessment: Uruguay has an advanced telecom market, with excellent infrastructure and one of the highest broadband penetration rates in Latin America; fixed-line teledensity is also particularly high for the region, while mobile penetration is the second highest after Panama; in terms of computer penetration, Uruguay tops all other countries in the region by a considerable margin, and this has facilitated growth in fixed-line broadband Serving During: Group by Ward: [160] Other Uruguayan bands of success are: Toco Para Vos, Vi-Em[es], Toco Para Bailar and Golden Rocket. Less successfully, they introduced rugby and cricket. [45] The Admiral Graf Spee took refuge in Montevideo, claiming sanctuary in a neutral port, but was later ordered out.[45]. [54] Vzquez stuck to economic orthodoxy. [33] After nearly four more years of struggle, the Portuguese Kingdom of Brazil annexed the Banda Oriental as a province under the name of "Cisplatina". Officials of both countries emphasized the need to end this rivalry in the name of regional integration in 2010. [44], In 1938, general elections were held and Terra's brother-in-law, General Alfredo Baldomir, was elected president. A migration law passed in 2008 gives immigrants the same rights and opportunities that nationals have, with the requisite of proving a monthly income of $650. [53], Uruguay ranks first in the world on a per capita basis for its contributions to the United Nations peacekeeping forces, with 2,513 soldiers and officers in 10 UN peacekeeping missions. [40] This division of power lasted until the President Jose Batlle y Ordonez instituted his political reforms which caused the last uprising by Blancos in 1904 that ended with the Battle of Masoller and the death of Blanco leader Aparicio Saravia. Uruguay is home to people of different ethnic origins. [99] The economy grew at an annual rate of 6.7% during the 20042008 period. [32] Enlistment is voluntary in peacetime, but the government has the authority to conscript in emergencies. Maintain high level of inventory accuracy in high-volume automotive. To the southwest is the Ro de la Plata, the estuary of the Uruguay River (which river forms the country's western border). Na severovchod soused s Brazli (dlka hranice je 985 km) a na zpad s Argentinou (579 km). Uruguay is a unitary state: justice, education, health, security, foreign policy and defense are all administered nationwide. The number of union members has quadrupled since 2003, rising from 110,000 to more than 400,000 in 2015 for a working population of 1.5 million.According to the International Trade Union Confederation, Uruguay has become the most advanced country in the Americas in terms of respect for "fundamental labour rights, in particular the freedom of association, the right to collective bargaining and the right to strike. There are ten national parks in Uruguay: Five in the wetland areas of the east, three in the central hill country, and one in the west along the Rio Uruguay. In 166971, the Portuguese built a fort at Colonia del Sacramento (Colnia do Sacramento). It has a South Atlantic Ocean coastline and lies between Argentina to the west and Brazil to the north. [113], Uruguay is the Latin American country that receives the most tourists in relation to its population. Uruguay has about 1,200km (750mi) of operational railroad track. WebShore excursions on the first and last day of a cruise are only available for guests who are combining back-to-back voyages to create a longer cruise. In 1973, amid increasing economic and political turmoil, the armed forces, asked by the President Juan Mara Bordaberry, disbanded Parliament and established a civilian-military regime. Their efforts proved ineffective and, by 1849, tired of the war, both withdrew after signing a treaty favorable to Rosas. [137], Metropolitan Montevideo is the only large city, with around 1.9million inhabitants, or more than half the country's total population. The Triple Alliance declared war on the Paraguayan leader Francisco Solano Lpez[37] and the resulting Paraguayan War ended with the invasion of Paraguay and its defeat by the armies of the three countries. 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